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  3. Index

Index

An index is a rules-based statistical measure that tracks the performance of a defined group of instruments, markets, or economic observations.

Defined termReviewed 16 July 2026

Related terms

Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF)Market CapitalizationNet Asset Value (NAV)PortfolioAsk PriceAsset Class

Educational risk notice

This material is general education, not personal investment advice or a promise of results. Markets can move beyond planned levels, and losses can exceed expectations when leverage, liquidity, gaps, or operational failures are involved.

Read the full risk disclosure
Trading glossaryReviewed 16 July 2026

Definition

An index is a rules-based statistical measure that tracks the performance of a defined group of instruments, markets, or economic observations.

In market context

Index methodology determines eligibility, weighting, rebalancing, corporate-action treatment, and calculation, so two indices covering similar markets can behave differently. An index itself is generally a measure rather than an investable account asset; funds and derivatives seek to provide related exposure and introduce their own costs and tracking differences. Past index performance excludes some practical constraints and does not predict future returns.

Source

Use the primary source for fuller regulatory or market context.

Investor.gov Glossary

Educational risk notice

This material is general education, not personal investment advice or a promise of results. Markets can move beyond planned levels, and losses can exceed expectations when leverage, liquidity, gaps, or operational failures are involved.

Read the full risk disclosure

Related glossary terms

Selected from explicit term relationships and shared tags.

beginner3 min

Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF)

An exchange-traded fund pools assets under a stated strategy while its shares trade throughout the day on an exchange at market prices.

funds · marketsRead guide
beginner3 min

Market Capitalization

Market capitalization is the market price of one outstanding unit multiplied by the number of units counted as outstanding under the chosen methodology.

markets · valuationRead guide
beginner3 min

Net Asset Value (NAV)

Net asset value is a fund’s assets minus liabilities, usually expressed per share using the valuation rules and calculation time in its documents.

funds · valuationRead guide
beginner3 min

Portfolio

A portfolio is the combined set of cash, holdings, positions, and other financial exposures considered together for allocation, performance, and risk.

portfolio · reportingRead guide